Til tross for at alle internasjonale rapporter melder om en forverret sikkerhetssituasjon,  avviser norske myndigheter de fleste søkere og sender mange barn tilbake til landet. Tusen takk til Afghanistankomiteen, som  kjenner situasjonen og støtter NOAS’rettshjelpsarbeid.

Alle de siste Afghanistan-rapportene fra internasjonale organisasjoner og institusjoner som UNHCR, UNAMA, Amnesty, Human Rights Watch, EASO og US State Department viser en forverret sikkerhetssituasjon for sivile i landet.

Bare i oktober ble 3.285 afghanere drept eller såret i angrep i ulike deler av landet. Dette er en økning på 35 prosent i angrep og 83 prosent i drepte, sammenliknet med september. Basert på flere rapporter, sammenstilt av Pajhwok Afghan News, ble 1,065 personer drept og 727 skadet i 143 angrep i 27 provinser i september.

Seinest mandag i denne uka drepte en selvmordsbomber minst 30 personer inne i en moske i den afghanske hovedstaden Kabul. Blant de overlevende er en familie som ble sendt ut fra Norge mot sin vilje for litt over en måned siden.

Alireza Farhadi (13) har fortalt Dagbladet om hvordan han selv og hans mor slapp unna med sjokket, mens lillebror, Subhan (2) ble lettere skadet i angrepet. I følge Al-Jazeera påberoper IS seg ansvaret for terroraksjonen.

Om situasjonen i Afghanistan og norsk praksis:
Dagbladet: Familie sendt ut av Norge med tvang – rammet av bombe
Aftenposten: 99 prosent av afghanske menn fikk nei.  
Dagbladet: – Ikke tvangsreturner barn til krigsherjede områder  

Les her om Afghanistankomiteens støtte til NOAS.

Internasjonale rapporter om sikkerhetssituasjonen i Afghanistan:

UNHCR anbefalinger (utgitt 19.4.2016) se særlig s.10: 
The security situation deteriorated markedly in 2015 as the Taliban and other AGEs conducted aggressive campaigns and increasingly advanced towards major population centres. At the end of 2015 the Taliban reportedly held more territory than in any year since 2001, with estimates of the number of districts controlled or contested by the Taliban ranging between 25 and 30 per cent.

UNAMA rapport om sivile ofre i første halvdel av 2016 (utgitt juli 2016):
In the first six months of 2016, the armed conflict in Afghanistan  continued to cause civilian casualties at similar rates to 2015, which saw the highest total number of civilian casualties recorded by UNAMA since 2009.

Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Comission (AIHRC) rapport om sivile ofre i perioden mars 2015 – mars 2016 (utgitt 1.8.2016) se s.33 : According to the report, civilian casualties in 1394 increased 17.8 percent compared to the previous year. During 1394, the figure of civilian casualties exceeded 9431 people (3129 deaths and 6302 injured), out of them 4642 are men, 775 women and 1116 are children.

US State Department rapport om menneskerettighetssituasjonen i 2015 (utgitt 13.4.2016):
The most significant human rights problems were widespread violence, including indiscriminate attacks on civilians by armed insurgent groups; armed insurgent groups’ killings of persons affiliated with the government; torture and abuse of detainees by government forces; widespread disregard for the rule of law and little accountability for those who committed human rights abuses; and targeted violence of and endemic societal discrimination against women and girls.

Amnesty International rapport for 2015 (utgitt 27.2.2016):
There was growing insecurity with insurgency and criminal activity worsening across the country. The first three months of 2015 were the most violent of any equivalent period on record. The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) recorded 1,592 civilians killed and 3,329 injured in the first six months of 2015, while 70% of civilian casualties were attributed to Taliban and other armed insurgent groups, and 16% to pro-Afghan government forces. The Taliban increasingly attacked soft and civilian targets.

Human Rights rapport om menneskerettighetssituasjonen i 2015 (utgitt 27.1.2016):
Targeted attacks on civilians by the Taliban also increased in 2015. In statements released in April and May, the Taliban vowed to kill government officials, specifically judges, prosecutors, and employees of the Ministry of Justice. The Taliban also identified Afghans and foreigners working for aid organizations as targets, a policy that helped make Afghanistan the world’s most dangerous country for humanitarian aid workers.

EASO-rapport fra januar 2016:
1.4 State ability to secure law and order: According to the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Afghan authorities are, in general, unable to provide protection against violence, with the only possible exception being the city of Kabul, but only to some extent. ( 132) For 2014, the US Department of State (USDOS) reported widespread disregard for the Rule of Law and impunity for human rights abusers. Abuses by officials were not effectively prosecuted. Furthermore, Taliban and other armed actors continue to kill, abduct and injure civilians and security personnel. ( 133) The capturing by the Taliban of territory, including district centres and the provincial capital of Kunduz in September and early October 2015 (see section 1.3.1 on armed clashes and assaults), was perceived by analysts as significant evidence of the weakness of the Afghan government and the ANSF. ( 134) In mid-2015, UNAMA observed ‘a consistent failure of the Afghan authorities to protect civilian communities from human rights abuses and harm perpetrated by pro-Government armed groups, and an absence of accountability for such actions’. ( 135)